This study evaluated economic efficiency (EE) of the rice milling industry among value chain processors in North West of Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was employed. A total sample size of 80 rice processors was selected. About 41 (51.25%) of rice processors were from Kano State, while 39 (48.75%) of rice processors were from Kaduna State. Primary data were obtained using a welldesigned and a well-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, financial analysis, stochastic frontier efficiency model, Tobit dichotomous regression model, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the mean age of rice millers was 46 years. Averagely, about 289,906 Kg of rice paddy were purchased by the rice millers and 217, 216 Kg (75% of paddy rice purchased) of milled rice were processed per annum. Rice processing was profitable in the area with a net income of 13, 522, 068 Naira per annum. The mean allocative, economic and technical efficiency scores of rice millers were 0.6320, 0.6220 and 0.5795, respectively. The significant socio-economic factors influencing EE of rice processing activities included: age of processor (P < 0.05), educational level (P < 0.05), membership of cooperatives (P < 0.05), access to credit facilities (P < 0.05), and experience in processing (P < 0.05). The major constraints faced by rice millers included: lack of credit, high cost of processing equipment, lack of storage facilities, bad road infrastructures, high cost of inputs, poor price information, lack of training, and lack of extension services. The study recommends that rice paddy production should be improved through research and extension, and improved seeds variety, fertilizers inputs, chemical inputs and credit facilities should be adequately provided to the farmers.